2008 ICD-9-CM Volume 1 Diagnosis Codes Home > Diseases Of The Nervous System And Sense Organs 320-389 > Disorders Of The Eye And Adnexa 360-379 > Strabismus And Other Disorders Of Binocular Eye Movements 378.* >  2008 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis 378.9
Unspecified disorder of eye movements On October 1, 2008 the 2009 ICD-9-CM codes came into effect. Therefore, this code may be out of date.
The 2009 version of ICD-9-CM 378.9 can be accessed here. - Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)
- Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)
- Paralysis of one or more of the ocular muscles due to disorders of the eye muscles, neuromuscular junction, supporting soft tissue, tendons, or innervation to the muscles.
- 378.9 is a specific code that can be used to specify a diagnosis
- 378.9 contains 13 index entries
- View the ICD-9-CM Volume 1 378.* hierarchy
378.9 also known as:- Ophthalmoplegia NOS
- Strabismus NOS
Index entries containing 378.9:- Contraction, contracture, contracted
- muscle (postinfectional) (postural) NEC 728.85
- eye (extrinsic) (see also Strabismus)
 378.9- paralytic (see also Strabismus, paralytic) 378.50
- ocular muscle (see also Strabismus) 378.9
- paralytic (see also Strabismus, paralytic) 378.50
Disease, diseased - see also SyndromeImbalance 781.2- eye muscle NEC 378.9
- heterophoria - see Heterophoria
Insufficiency, insufficient- muscle
- ocular (see also Strabismus) 378.9
Ophthalmoplegia (see also Strabismus) 378.9Overactive - see also Hyperfunction- eye muscle (see also Strabismus) 378.9
Paralysis, paralytic (complete) (incomplete) 344.9- ocular 378.9
Squint (see also Strabismus) 378.9- accommodative (see also Esotropia) 378.00
- concomitant (see also Heterotropia) 378.30
Strabismus (alternating) (congenital) (nonparalytic) 378.9- concomitant (see also Heterotropia) 378.30
- convergent (see also Esotropia) 378.00
- divergent (see also Exotropia) 378.10
- convergent (see also Esotropia) 378.00
- divergent (see also Exotropia) 378.10
- due to adhesions, scars - see Strabismus, mechanical
- in neuromuscular disorder NEC 378.73
- latent 378.40
- mechanical 378.60
- due to
- Brown's tendon sheath syndrome 378.61
- specified musculofascial disorder NEC 378.62
- paralytic 378.50
- third or oculomotor nerve (partial) 378.51
- fourth or trochlear nerve 378.53
- sixth or abducens nerve 378.54
- specified type NEC 378.73
- vertical (hypertropia) 378.31
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