
Disorders of refraction and accommodation

Hypermetropia

Myopia
- a refractive error in which rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are brought to a focus in front of the retina, as a result of the eyeball being too long from front to back; also called nearsightedness because the near point is less distant than it is in emmetropia with an equal amplitude of accommodation.

Astigmatism
- optical defect in which refractive power is not uniform in all directions (meridians); light rays entering the eye are bent unequally by different meridians, which prevents formation of a sharp image focus on the retina.

Astigmatism unspecified
- optical defect in which refractive power is not uniform in all directions (meridians); light rays entering the eye are bent unequally by different meridians, which prevents formation of a sharp image focus on the retina.

Regular astigmatism

Irregular astigmatism

Anisometropia and aniseikonia

Anisometropia
- condition of an inequality of refractive power of the two eyes.

Aniseikonia

Presbyopia

Disorders of accommodation

Paresis of accommodation

Total or complete internal ophthalmoplegia

Spasm of accommodation

Other disorders of refraction and accommodation

Transient refractive change

Other disorders of refraction and accommodation

Unspecified disorder of refraction and accommodation