Disorders of parathyroid gland
- deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the parathyroid gland.
Hyperparathyroidism
- WHAT: Hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism: a condition due to an increase in the secretion of the parathyroids, causing generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica, elevated serum calcium, decreased serum phosphorus, and increased excretion of both calcium and phosphorus. WHY: Several rheumatological disorders are associated with hyperpara- thyroidism. First, hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis (which may mimic hyperparathyroidism with renal stone formation and colic) have an increased incidence in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Second, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism show an increased incidence of chondrocalcinosis with episodes of calcium pyrophosphate crystal induced synovitis. Approximately 25% of patients with hyperparathyroidism will show radiographic evidence of calcification of articular cartilage and joint capsules. Finally, there can be a synovial and cartilaginous lesion ("osteogenic synovitis") in patients with hyperparathyroidism which may mimic other primary rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In osteogenic synovitis there is softening and collapse of subchondral bone. Eventually the cartilage overlying this area erodes and is replaced by an irregular fibrocartilage. Eventually the articular surface of the joint is destroyed and secondary degenerative arthritis may develop. REFS: 1) Zvaifler, NJ; Reefe, WE and Black, RL: Articular manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism. Arthritis Rheum 5:237, 1962. 2) Scott, JT; Dixon, ASJ and Bywaters, EGL: Association of hyperuricemia and gout with hyperparathyroidism. Br Med J 1:1070, 1964. 3) Bywaters, EGL and Scott, JT : Joint lesions of hyperparathyroidism. Ann Rheum Dis 22:171-87, 1963.
- abnormally increased activity of the parathyroid glands, which may be primary or secondary; primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with neoplasia or hyperplasia; excess of parathyroid hormone leads to alteration in function of bone, renal tubules, and gastrointestinal mucosa.
Hyperparathyroidism, unspecified
- WHAT: Hyperparathyroidism. Hyperparathyroidism: a condition due to an increase in the secretion of the parathyroids, causing generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica, elevated serum calcium, decreased serum phosphorus, and increased excretion of both calcium and phosphorus. WHY: Several rheumatological disorders are associated with hyperpara- thyroidism. First, hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis (which may mimic hyperparathyroidism with renal stone formation and colic) have an increased incidence in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Second, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism show an increased incidence of chondrocalcinosis with episodes of calcium pyrophosphate crystal induced synovitis. Approximately 25% of patients with hyperparathyroidism will show radiographic evidence of calcification of articular cartilage and joint capsules. Finally, there can be a synovial and cartilaginous lesion ("osteogenic synovitis") in patients with hyperparathyroidism which may mimic other primary rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. In osteogenic synovitis there is softening and collapse of subchondral bone. Eventually the cartilage overlying this area erodes and is replaced by an irregular fibrocartilage. Eventually the articular surface of the joint is destroyed and secondary degenerative arthritis may develop. REFS: 1) Zvaifler, NJ; Reefe, WE and Black, RL: Articular manifestations in primary hyperparathyroidism. Arthritis Rheum 5:237, 1962. 2) Scott, JT; Dixon, ASJ and Bywaters, EGL: Association of hyperuricemia and gout with hyperparathyroidism. Br Med J 1:1070, 1964. 3) Bywaters, EGL and Scott, JT : Joint lesions of hyperparathyroidism. Ann Rheum Dis 22:171-87, 1963.
- abnormally increased activity of the parathyroid glands, which may be primary or secondary; primary hyperparathyroidism is associated with neoplasia or hyperplasia; excess of parathyroid hormone leads to alteration in function of bone, renal tubules, and gastrointestinal mucosa.
Primary hyperparathyroidism
- abnormal increase in the number of otherwise normal cells in the parathyroid gland without tumor formation that leading to enlargement of the gland; it differs from hypertrophy, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism, non-renal
Other hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
- condition produced by greatly reduced function of the parathyroids possibly due to autoimmune disease or genetic factors, or by the removal of those bodies; lack of parathyroid hormone leads to a fall in plasma calcium level, which may result in increase neuromuscular excitability and ultimately tetany followed by a rise in plasma phosphate level.
Other specified disorders of parathyroid gland
Unspecified disorder of parathyroid gland
- deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of the parathyroid gland.
